Important Types of Research

 TYPES OF RESEARCH

Research is a scientific technique of discovering the new information about a particular topic. It is a cyclical process which start with a problem and end with another problem.the primary objectives of research is to find the solutions for problems.

By scientific way Selecting the most appropriate methods of research which is suitable to solving the problems of research questions. This article is discussed about different methods of research and their applications.

Research can be classified as follows

Classification of research based on Objective.

1)Descriptive research

Descriptive research is a type of research which describes a particular character or phenomena without changing the environment. It basically answer the questions like what where and when rather than why.

Here we can draw the definite conclusion without establish the cause and effect relationship between variable. Case study, content analysis, survey research are some examples of descriptive research.

2)Experimental research

The experimental research is scientific method of research that investigate cause and effect relationship between two variables. It manipulate the independent variable to observe their impact on dependent variable. It often uses the controlled environment and randomisation to ensure the validity.

3)Co-relational research

The co relational research helps to determine associated co relation between the two variables (Dependent and Independent) without manipulate the environment. These variables can be quantitative or qualitative in nature. Survey research, natural observation, archival research are few examples of co relational research.

4) Explanatory research

Explanatory research is also known as causal research which describe cause and effect relationship between two variables. It provides the answers to questions of why and how a phenomenon occurs. This research focuses on already researched area which is not exploited to its full potential.

5) Exploratory research

Exploratory research is type of research methodology that investigate the research problem which is not studied in depth previously. It helps to gain the better understanding of the knowledge about a problem that is not well defined. Exploratory research seeks to create the hypothesis instead of testing them.  Interview, Focused groups, content analysis are some examples of exploratory research.

Classification of research bases on outcome

1)Fundamental research

Fundamental research is also known as Basic or pure research, which is conducted to expand the knowledge about a phenomenon for knowledge sake, it is not directly deals with practical or commercial problems. It seeks to answer fundamental questions and explore unknown areas. This type of research is connected with scientific knowledge and predictions which adds some more knowledge to existing one.

2) Applied research

Applied research is focused on finding a solution or solving the practical problems faced in real life situations. It uses the existing knowledge and theories to generate new outcomes.Unlike pure or basic research, which seeks to expand knowledge for its own sake, applied research aims to use existing knowledge to develop practical solutions, improve processes, or inform decision-making. Applied research is very common in medical, education, engineering, agriculture field etc.Action research is a part of applied research.

Classification of research based on logic

1) Deductive research

Deductive research is a top down approach, which is begins with well established theory as it's foundation to test the specific hypothesis. It is structured and systematic approach that inquiring the problem from genaral to specific.

2) Inductive research

Inductive research is type of research methodology that gathers and analysis the data based on broader generalisation. It a bottom up approach which starts with theory to test the hypothesis. Inductive research is used in field of social science and humanities.

Classification of research based on process

1) Qualitative research

Qualitative research is a unstructured approach which explores the qualitative phenomenon such as people's experience, behaviours, beliefs etc. Qualitative research is based on measurement of quality or amount which gathering non numerical data through interviews, focused groups, content analysis etc.

2) Quantitative research

Quantitative research is structured approach that involves collection of numerical data through structured and controlled instruments such as surveys, observations and experiments to draw the conclusion.

Classification of research based on idea

1) Empirical research

Empirical research is a type of research that is based on the collection and analysis of empirical or observable data. It involves the systematic gathering of data through experiments, surveys, observations, or other data collection methods to answer specific research questions or test hypotheses.

2) Conceptual research

Conceptual research is also known as theoretical research, is a type of research that aims to develop the theories, concepts, and ideas without focusing on practical application or empirical data collection. It is often exploratory in nature and seeks to advance our understanding of abstract or complex concepts.

These are some of the main types of research, and researchers may choose the most appropriate type based on their research questions, objectives, and available resources. The choice of research type also determines the methodology, data collection techniques, and analytical tools used in the study.